
Now we come to our second part in a three-way article on sustainability and green issues on design. As the wider business and brand community is evolving, so should we. Brands should be held accountable and responsible for their actions, in maintain high standards of ethical, social and environmental performance.
The General Impact of Print
In the Envirowise Attitudes 2000 survey, print came at the foot of the table in terms of industries that had adopted environmental policies. Paper and print is the UK’s 4th largest industry. A large quantity of the print industry is dictated by the jobs we spec as Graphic Designers, so essentially we are in a position to do something about it. I’m going to take a look at the values of the various kinds of printing, to show you how Projector is working with their suppliers in improving environmental performance.
We work with our partners Statex Colour Print who are proud of being ISO 14001 registered. ISO 14001 is an internationally recognised scheme which provides the accredited business with ongoing environmental monitoring and continual improvement. They are up to date with suggested improvements. These improvements cover recycling rates, reductions in energy useage, water consumption and general efficiency procedures. Not only does this help Statex be actively conscious of their impact upon the environment, but also reduces the overall costs of their day to day running. In addition to this Statex are part of the FSC’s (Forestry Stewardship Council – see part one of this article for an explanation) Chain of Custody which ensures there is no contamination of their business with non-FSC approved paper.
Lithography/Offset Printing
There are five main areas of Lithographic printing which prove troublesome for the environment. First of all there is the overall use of energy. As with other large industries, print uses significant amounts of energy. But when considered alongside other large industries, it is estimated in a recent 2009 World Resources Institute Survey Chart (link) that the Paper and Print Industries are only responsible for 1.1% of Greenhouse Gases due to it’s activities. Our printers Statex, as mentioned above, endeavour to reduce their carbon emissions, if not offset them.
The Print Industry generates quite a high level of waste. A lot of this can be recycled, but some still ends up in landfill. Waste inks can be recycled as low grade fuel. The tins which contain the ink are crushed and recycled. Ink Cartridges, which are usually preferred over tins are occasionally classed as hazardous waste and sent to ‘special waste landfill’. Environmentally conscious printers will have these collected and recycled into things such as drainpipes etc.
Waste chemicals are a big issue. If your printer is conscious of the impact the chemicals used in printing can have on the environment then they will choose to use ‘bio-digestable’ chemicals for cleaning. These can be made safe before being flushed into the water system. Plastic wrapping for palettes is mostly sent to landfilll, but if washed it can be shredded and be recycled into more plastic wrapping.
Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is a harmful solvent that is used as a dampening solution within print. When it dries releases Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) colourless gases that contribute to the production of ozone gases as well as being dangerous for pressroom workers. This is completely avoidable, as if printers maintain their equipment to a high standard then they need not use the dampener. Alternatively they can use alcohol-free technology.
In terms of inks there are five main areas of concern. Barium, copper and zinc are contained in certain pigments of inks and cause environmental as well as worker health hazards. Metallic and fluorescent inks are usually the most toxic. These inks do not decompose as well as other inks and the metal component causes problems in Groundwater. VOC’s as mentioned previously are a problem in petroleum based inks if used. Soya inks are the most prevalent in recent times, rather than petroleum based inks. These are generally three parts linseed to one part soya. By using soya inks you’re reducing health and environmental hazards plus avoiding using a non-renewable harmful resource. But part of the Soya industry has had some international pressure, so it isn’t entirely a black and white decision to make. Finally, there is the wastage of ink. You can recycle ink and make it into low grade foil, or use remnants to form black ink. But as some inks are quite toxic, it’s usually entombed underground with concrete in hazardous waste landfill sites.
Digital Printing
The downsides are that digital inks are quite difficult to remove in the recycling process. Also, the choice of papers you can use is limited to digital approved papers which are rarely recycled or FSC certified. The printers themselves take large amounts of energy to produce. But there are increasing advancements being made in this area which reduce the amount of energy being produced in their production.
However you can run a job as and when it is needed with reprinting costing no extra. This means you don’t have to worry about running out of extra copies. In addition to this, there is no make ready waste as that of Lithography/Offest Printing.
Screen Printing
The inks used in screen printing traditionally has contained more solvents than litho inks. However these days, many screen printers use UV inks, that are cured underneath a UV lamp. This uses more energy, more positively however, it removes solvents from the printing process. However in the reclamation and cleaning of the screens for re-use, solvents are still abundant in use. It is important, when using solvents to clean screens to use the least hazardous. When we opt to use screen printing we have a good relationship with Northern Print who’s expertise guide us to acheiving top quality prints, which can be environmentally conscious in production.
With the resources at our disposal, don’t hesitate to ask us how we can help you ensure that your printed communications reduce their carbon footprint. We’re more than happy to help.
The final part of this article will be based around how we can suggest gearing the specification of your communications to be more environmentally conscious.
References and more information
Lovely as a Tree
Two Sides
The Guardian – What’s the carbon footprint of…the internet?
World Research Institute
Statex Colour Print
Envirowise Attitudes 2000 survey